维也纳国家歌剧院(Vienna State Opera)是世界上最著名的四大歌剧院之一(其他三个是意大利米兰斯卡拉歌剧院,
英国歌剧院,
美国大都会歌剧院),素有“世界歌剧中心”之称,也是"音乐之都"维也纳的主要象征。
维也纳国家歌剧院原是皇家宫廷剧院。1861
年,由奥地利著名建筑师西克斯鲍和努尔设计督造。于1869
年5
月15
日建成开幕,首场演出的是莫扎特的歌剧《唐·璜》。然而,两位建筑师都未能够目睹这一天。1868年,凡·努尔因为无法承受维也纳人对其设计的刻薄指责而饮恨自杀,另一位建筑师西��斯堡在两个月之后竟���也中风而死。
1918年宫廷剧院变为国有,称为国家歌剧院。在第二次世界大战末期,英美盟军对德、奥进行大规模轰炸时,维也纳国家歌剧院遭到严重破坏,只剩下几处断壁残垣。战后,歌剧院的重建工作历时8年,耗费1亿美元。1955年11月5日重新开幕,演出了贝多芬的歌剧《费得里奥》,以庆贺歌剧院的第二个春天。在每年300场的演出中,无论是歌剧还�������芭蕾舞�������歌剧院的节目没有一天是重复的。
The Vienna State Opera (German: Wiener
Staatsoper) is an opera house – and opera company – with a
history dating back to the mid-19th century. It is located in
the centre of Vienna, Austria. It was originally called the
Vienna Court Opera (Wiener Hofoper). In 1920, with the
replacement of the Habsburg Monarchy by the First Republic of
Austria, it was renamed the Vienna State Opera. The members of
the Vienna Philharmonic are recruited from its orchestra.
The opera house was the first major
building on the Vienna Ringstraße commissioned by the Viennese
"city expansion fund". Work commenced on the house in 1861 and
was completed in 1869, following plans drawn up by architects
August Sicard von Sicardsburg and Eduard van der Nüll. It was
built in the Neo-Renaissance style by the renowned Czech
architect and contractor Josef Hlavka.